There are many solar water-heating systems in the market, yet only a few designs are worth considering. We’ll take a look at them here…

1. The integral collector system (ICS). The ICS is a simple construction with no internal pump. It is also the cheapest among the systems mentioned.

This system is connected between the cold water outlet and water heater. It forms a 2-step heating process. Cold water is first heated up by the ICS. If the water is not hot enough, your electrical water heater contributes more heat to get water to its required temperature.

The ICS allows water to retain in the collector and this can cause damage if water freezes. (Thus you must drain its water before freezing occurs on cold days.)

This system can only be used in mild climates when temperature doesn’t drop below freezing point. Even though large collectors have the ability to withstand these conditions, they are not encouraged to. This is because collector damage is expensive. There is no point to take such risks…

2. The drainback system. This is a system to ensure that your collectors and loop piping doesn’t get damaged due to freezing. It drains water from the collector when it is not absorbing heat.

Each time the pump shuts off, water in the collectors and piping drains into an insulated reservoir tank. There is often a sight glass at the drain-back reservoir to indicate if all the water has flowed out from the collectors. If it hasn’t, a slight tilt at the collector will help.

The drainback system uses a heat exchanger to heat up water in the solar tank. Distilled water is commonly used as its heat-transfer medium. This is because it is affordable, safe and prevents possible mineral buildup within the system.

3. Closed-loop antifreeze system. This system is the best at preventing damages due to freezing. However the anti-freeze solution occasionally breaks down and becomes corrosive if the weather gets extremely hot.

Because it works well in almost any climate, this is one of the most popular solar water heaters used today. They happen to be the most expensive too.

Closed-loop antifreeze systems require an expansion tank. It accommodates the expansion of the antifreeze as it heats up during normal use. This prevents high internal pressure from tearing the system apart. When pressure drops, antifreeze flows out from the expansion tank to equalize the pressure.

A small electric pump propels the antifreeze through a heat exchanger, heating water inside the hot water tank. The antifreeze needs to be replaced occasionally through a fill valve when it expires.

There are other types of solar water heating systems in the market. These are not as popular, but can still be found in some homes. Some of them include the Recirculation System, the Thermosiphon System and the Open-Loop Flooded System.

After understanding the type of common solar water heating systems, you in a  position to decide which one is most suitable for you.

To start off, ask yourself these questions:

1. Do you need your solar water heater to work in freezing climate?

Climate is perhaps the most important factor in deciding which system to choose. If you are living in freezing conditions, try out a closed-loop antifreeze system. Although it requires a little maintenance, it beats having to clean up burst pipes and damaged collectors.

If freezing is not a common occurrence where you live, any other system works fine. You just have to remember to drain water from the collectors frequently. If you locate your drain valves in easily accessible places, this shouldn’t be a problem.

2. Are you exposed to high-temperature conditions?

Some systems (like the ICS) may burst if the water inside boils. You can add a pressure-release valve to prevent this from happening, or let the hot water faucet drip into your hot tub whenever the weather gets really hot.

3. How much hot water do you need?

Water heaters are rated in terms of BTUs. This is the same for collectors. If you need more hot water, you’ll have to get bigger systems.

Generally, any solar water heater system can replace most of the heat supplied by electrical heaters.

Of course there will be days when it’s cloudy and you cannot get enough heat from the sun. Yet on most days, a solar water heater can help you cut your power usage significantly.

Continue Reading:

1. What Are Solar Heaters, How They Work And What They Are Used For
2. What You Need to Know about Solar Water Heaters
3. 7 Different Ways of Using Solar Energy At Home and In Your Office

This system can employ solar energy as its heat source. In this way, your energy cost can be reduced dramatically.

This heating system consists of long plastic tubing that snakes beneath your flooring. When hot water flows through the tubes, heat radiates upwards through the floor and into your home.

Water can be heated using gas or solar energy. The preferred method would obviously be solar. This is especially true if you already have a solar water heater installed.

You can easily put in more solar collectors to increase its capacity. In this way, you can utilize the freely available energy that comes from the sun and save lots of money in the process.

If you are not familiar with this type of heating system, here’s what we can do…

… we’ll compare the advantages and disadvantages between a radiant heat floor system and a forced-air heating system:

Advantages of using a radiant heat floor system:

1. They are quiet. There are no fans forcing air out of vents, only water quietly flowing through tiny pipes under the floor.

2. Highly efficient. Hot air rises, therefore having the heat source on the ground will be much more efficient than having the heat source mid-way between the floor and the ceiling.

3. Cheaper utility bills. Since they require less energy to make you feel comfortable, radiant heat floor systems use less electricity and saves you money.

4. Once installed properly, this system is relatively maintenance-free. All you have to do is make sure the correct fluid goes into the tubing to prevent mineral buildup.

Advantages of using a forced-air heating system:

1. They are easily installed. All it takes is an hour, some tools and a power outlet before you can enjoy the warmth.

2. You don’t have to meddle with the flooring in order to warm up your home.

Disadvantages of using a radiant heat floor system:

1. It is difficult to install. It takes time to lay those tubing under the floor. This disturbs your day-to-day schedule. Therefore this type of heating is installed more in new and renovated homes.

2. It cannot cool your living spaces as effectively as heat pumps do during summer. Although cooling is possible with such system, it is generally inefficient.

Disadvantages of using a forced-air heating system:

1. Forced-air systems are highly inefficient. Hot air coming out from the vents quickly rise to the ceiling. Therefore there isn’t much opportunity to provide warmth to the space on the ground.

2. They eat up a lot of energy. This is reflected in your utility bills when it suddenly shoots up during winter.

Technology is constantly improving for this type of heating. Therefore you can expect even higher efficiency from radiant heat floor systems. This, certainly, is good news for all of us.

Continue Reading:

1. Home Solar Power – Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Photovoltaic Generators to Power Your Home
2. Home Solar Power — Different Ways of Harnessing Energy From The Sun To Reduce Energy Bills
3. What Are Solar Heaters, How They Work And What They Are Used For

While you are working on your solar panels or solar heaters, you can also explore other small projects that can make your house a better place to live in.

Here are some projects that take you less than a day to implement. And many of them are very helpful in lowering your energy bills as well.

Most of them do not cost more than $100+, so if you have a little time and a little cash, you can begin right away:

1. Install solar screens

Solar screens help to keep your house cool during summer. It prevents heat from coming into your house through the windows. As such, your air-conditioners will not need to work as hard.

Most solar screens are quite affordable. The best ones are those with a metallic, reflective surface. They reflect radiation away instead of absorbing it. They are also pretty durable.

2. Solar ventilators

Ventilators can be installed at your attic, powered by solar energy. During summer, you can activate these fans to pump the heat out of your interior. This alone can cool your house considerably.

All you need is a small fan, a small vent that comes with a cover and a small solar panel. You don’t even need rechargeable batteries. It stops working when it becomes dark, but you won’t need it at night.

Try it.

When the weather gets colder, remember to cover them properly so heat doesn’t escape through these vents.

3. Solar powered air circulation

When you heat up your house, warm air rises to the top. They are all trapped at the ceiling or attic. Heat is not distributed evenly. You can install a ceiling fan to push the heat down, or use solar power to pump warm air down to ground level.

The effect: Your home warms us faster and you’ll feel more comfortable.

For this project, you’ll need a small solar panel, a set of rechargeable batteries, a long pipe and a small exhaust fan.

4. Landscaping

Planting trees, scrubs and bushes around your house can give you many benefits. You will not only create a beautiful and rejuvenating environment… You can prevent bitter cold winds from blowing against your house in winter and shelter your house from strong sunshine during summer.

5. Install solar light tubes

Solar light tubes allow natural light to enter your house while keeping the heat and precipitation out. They cost a little more. But you can experience the benefits of full spectrum lighting in your room without expensive illumination technology.

Continue Reading:

1. 7 Different Ways of Using Solar Energy At Home and In Your Office
2. Challenges and Difficulties In Using Solar Panels And How To Overcome Them
3. Survey Your Household Energy Usage Before Installing Solar Panels

A simple solar heater consists of one (or a set) of solar collectors and a pump to run water or air through the solar collector. More complicated (and larger) designs will consist of a heat exchanger and an insulated water tank to store heated water.

Solar water heaters essentially have the same design as a solar space heater. The difference is the medium that flows through the solar collectors. One is water while the other is air.

The big advantage that solar water heaters and solar space heaters have over solar (photovoltaic) panels is its efficiency and its cost. As solar heaters are much more efficient and much cheaper than photovoltaic (PV) panels, you should consider installing them before spending a cent on PV panels. Ideally.

Solar water heaters are becoming more and more common because they are practical, affordable and are easy to install. Even if you are living in areas of low geographical latitudes, you can easily collect hot water with temperatures up to 60°C.

The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors. These heaters have the best efficiency. With better efficiency, the area needed for solar collectors can be smaller. Thus much space can be saved for other applications…like a photovoltaic panel. Glazed flat plate collectors are popular for domestic hot water applications. Unglazed plastic collectors are generally used to heat swimming pools.

You have no excuse not to own a solar water heater.

If cost is an issue, you can construct your own solar water heater using a wooden frame, a piece of corrugated zinc, lengths of flexible copper tubing, a piece of transparent perspex and some black paint. Costs you less than $50. Water running through the copper tubing can be easily heated by 25°C if you get your design right.

As light enters through the transparent Perspex, it remains trapped within the wooden box because of greenhouse effect. Since everything within the box is painted black, heat absorption is at its maximum. As water flows through the copper tubing, it is heated by conduction.

A simple solar collect like this can be constructed within half a day, so there is no reason why anyone should not be using a solar water heater.

Continue Reading:

1. Installing Solar Water Heaters
2. What You Need to Know about Solar Water Heaters
3. 7 Different Ways of Using Solar Energy At Home and In Your Office

In fact, solar water heaters can lead to greater savings at home or in your organization. Solar energy is found in abundance. It is also free. Thus the initial investment quickly pays for itself and yields significant long-term savings. This is because a large proportion of electricity that was used for heating is no longer needed.

In addition to cost savings, solar water heaters can reduce your carbon footprint. Conventional water heaters use electricity generated from power stations. These installations burn fossil fuel or use nuclear radiation to produce electricity. This results in pollution in one form or another.

Before you decide to buy and install a solar water heating system in your home or workplace, you should check the Solar Radiation Resource Map. You need to know the solar radiation intensity at your installation site through different months of the year. With this, you can calculate the size of your solar collector and plan its orientation.

To get maximum efficiency from your solar water heater, you have to place it at an unshaded location. The solar collector should also be tilted toward the solar path. At noon, the collector should face the sun squarely. Through the season, solar path changes. Thus it is advisable to adjust the panel’s tilt angle and orientation in order to maintain maximum efficiency.

You have a choice between 2 kinds of solar water heaters: passive solar water heaters and active solar water heaters. There are advantages and disadvantages inherent in each system. You contractor should be able to show you the difference and recommend suitable system for you, according to your specific needs.

When you choose a solar energy panel, you should also consider important factors like system costs, local codes, covenants and regulations.

Before you purchase your solar water heater, it’s advisable to check its certification with the Solar Rating & Certification Corporation. This is a non-profit organization that provides performance ratings and certifications for solar thermal products. You should also check the warranty period and coverage.

Finally ask the contractor if the manufacturer is easily accessible. Find out whether parts are freely available. These guidelines will help ensure you pick the right solar thermal product for your need.

Continue Reading:

1. Installing Solar Water Heaters
2. What Are Solar Heaters, How They Work And What They Are Used For
3. The Importance Of Heat Transfer In Solar Water Heaters

If you’re living in the northern hemisphere, your solar collectors should be tilted southward. The tilt angle is 15 degrees plus the latitude of the installation site. This is the ideal configuration that allows you to collect maximum sunlight all year round. For example, Arizona has latitude of 33 degrees. Therefore the tilt angle of your panel should be 48 degrees in order for it to harness maximum energy.

But many homeowners choose to conform the tilt angle to the inclination of their roof. They are concerned about the aesthetics of the installation. Although we will not achieve an optimized configuration in an engineering point of view, such setup serves the user’s needs and wants after all.

Fortunately, solar collectors with tilt variations that fall within 20 degrees (either direction) will not suffer serious loss. In fact, tilting them some 15 degrees northward from its optimum angle can have its advantages. During summer, water will not overheat and during winter more hot water is produced.

Similarly, tilting your heat collectors southward (away from the optimum tilt angle) can result in more overheating during summer and less hot water during winter. Ideally, the tilt angle can be adjusted according to the seasons. But the hardware required to implement this setup may end up as an ugly structure of metal and joints that displease homeowners. There will also be more moving parts to be maintained.

When orientating your heat collectors, you should ideally point them to true south. As compared to photovoltaic panels, heat collectors are more forgiving. Orientations of 15 degrees off true south still enable solar collectors to receive most of the solar energy. Beyond this tolerance, the effectiveness of the heat collector decays quickly.

You may often be forced to make a choice between an east-biased or west-biased orientation away from true south. Perfect orientations tend to be impractical at times. If you’re in this fix, choose the west so heat collectors can be exposed to more heat as a result of higher ambient temperatures in the afternoons.

As you line up your compass to find true south, remember that it is pointing to magnetic south instead. Corrections must be made to locate the optimum orientation. To do this, you need to compensate for the magnetic declination of your site.

Finally, as you are evaluating the installation site, remember that shadows cause your heat collectors to be drastically less efficient. Although solar water heaters are not as sensitive to shading, it is good to place them in an open, unobstructed location from 9am to 3pm so they can be exposed to the maximum amount of sunshine during this critical period. Using a standard shade analysis tool like a solar pathfinder, you can make it easier for yourself to evaluate the shading condition of your location.

Continue Reading:

1. Solar Panel Efficiency
2. What Are Solar Heaters, How They Work And What They Are Used For
3. What You Need to Know about Solar Water Heaters

For this purpose, we’ll use quarter-inch (black) PVC pipe. In fact, any black tubing will do the job. However it’s easier to form different shapes with rigid pipes than flexible tubes.

But if you insist on flexible tubing, you can always coil it up in a plane…this works too.

To make your collector, you have to cut lengths of PVC tubing and make parallel tracks with it. It is better to have many parallel tubes that are reasonably short rather than let water pass through a few long tubes.

Solar Collector Made Using Black PVC Pipes Running Parallel to One Another

There are for 2 reasons for this:

(i) water can get really hot after traveling through a distance, &

(ii) you’ll need a stronger submersible pump if water flows through a smaller cross-section.

Once you have connected the pipes, you can turn the pump on and feel the difference between the pool temperature and the outlet temperature.

Increasing the efficiency of your solar collector

The location of your solar collector is important. You must put it at a place where wind won’t cause a problem. If there is even a slight wind blowing across your collector, heat will be lost.

Thus if wind is a problem where you live, you may want to spend extra effort to put your pipes into an enclosure and cover it with a piece of glass. (Just like a homemade PV panel…)

In this way wind won’t affect the efficiency of your solar water heater. The piece of glass cover also encourage greenhouse effect, which may cause the water to be hotter.

Sometimes, you may need to get more heat into the pool without making further changes to the design of your solar water heater. What you can do is make use of reflectors to gather more solar radiation on your collector.

They are easy to make and can be attached quickly to the side of your collector. The more reflectors you have, the hotter your output will be.

Have fun!

Read Part One at the link below:

http://www.diysolarpanelsworld.com/how-to-make-a-simple-homemade-solar-pool-water-heater-part-one-design-and-construction

Continue Reading:

1. Pool Solar Panels
2. What Are Solar Heaters, How They Work And What They Are Used For
3. Heating Up Your Swimming Pool Using Solar Energy

If you were to install the complete system, it shouldn’t cost you more than $500 to $600. Compared to the entire cost of the swimming pool and the maintenance cost, this is meager.

(A swimming pool costs more than $30,000 in many places)

A swimming pool without no heating facilities is useable for about 4 months in the whole year. With heating, you can use it for 8 months. This is why pool heating is so popular.

Making your own solar pool heater is exciting, because the rewards are so visible. Your family will know that the solar heater warms the swimming pool water. And you made the solar heater…from scratch. Your friends will know it too.

Thus the rewards are more than just functional or financial. It’s ego.

All right, that’s enough for now…let’s move on to the design of the solar heater.

A homemade solar water heater can be built using a PV panel and a solar collector. The PV panel will supply electricity to a submersible pump while the solar collector provides heat to the water flowing through it.

Very simple.

The following is a list of parts you have to buy for this project:

A 12-volt Submersible Pump

1. A 12-volt submersible pump
2. Flexible tubing that fits the submersible pump
3. Black PVC tubing
4. PVC junction (that fits the PVC tubing)
5. A Valve that fits the PVC tubing

With a PV panel running the submersible pump, the amount of water that flows through the solar water heater depends on the intensity of the sun.

In a way, this regulates the water temperature at the output.

When the sun is strong, water is heated faster. But water also gets through the pipes faster. Thus the heating period becomes shorter. The converse is true. When sunlight is weaker, water flow through the pipes slower. Water is now heated longer but with less intensity.

At night, the submersible pump doesn’t work because the PV panel doesn’t supply electricity.

Since the submersible pump is a separate entity from your filter pump, you can run your pool filter for as long or as short as you want without disturbing the pool heating schedule.

(Tip: You can schedule your filter to run at non-peak hours to save on electricity bills.)

When choosing the submersible pump, you must make sure the pump has enough head pressure to get water to where the solar collector is. For example, the solar collector may be located at the roof, which is 20 feet high.

Your pump must have at least 20 feet of head pressure plus an allowance of about 4 to 5 feet more. Thus you’ll want to get a pump with 25-feet head pressure. (Or round the figure up to the nearest spec you can find.)

You’ll want your pump to have a little more pressure than necessary so water flow won’t be weak. With this, you can also have the flexibility to change your solar collector’s position later on if you want to.

When you choose your PV panel, remember to check the power requirement for the submersible pump. Get a rating of at least 10% above what’s required.

A submersible pump costs about $50 and the PV panel costs (at most) $150. The PVC pipes will set you back by another $30.

For the extra money that you spend on a PV panel, you’ll recoup it back (very quickly) because you can keep the energy bills for your filter pump to a minimum.

Finally, you can fix a valve to allow water to bypass the solar collector.

A Bypass Valve For The Solar Collector

There will be times when you feel there’s sufficient heat in the water. All you have to do is open the valve so water flows through the valve instead of the collector.

This happens because water flows in the path of least resistance. Although there will still be water going through the collector, it’s limited.

You can take this further by using a thermistor to create a feedback loop. When your swimming pool’s water is at its desired temperature, the valve is opened so very little heating takes place.

(For this to work, you’ll have to buy a solenoid-driven valve…it costs more.)

In Part Two, we’ll look at how to join the PVC pipes together to make a solar collector.

Continue Reading:

1. Pool Solar Panels
2. How To Make A Solar Powered Water Fountain
3. Heating Up Your Swimming Pool Using Solar Energy

We’ll cover both topics here.

Simple Pool Solar Water Heater

A simple pool solar water heater includes a pump, controller, filter and PVC pipes to route the water flow. To increase the heating, you have to increase the water flowing into the solar collector.

You can do this by turning a valve that channels more water through the solar heater. When the valve is closed, water runs entirely through the solar heater.

When it is open, little water flows through the solar water heater due to its high water resistance. (Water, like electricity, prefers the easier path to flow through.)

By adjusting the valve, you can control how much heat you will introduce into your swimming pool.

Pool solar water heaters are much cheaper than PV panels. While the latter requires thousands of dollars to install, solar heaters only require a few hundred dollars for a good system.

People commonly ask what type (and size) of solar collectors they should get. This can be determined by going through a few questions:

1. How long is your pump’s running time?

If your pool filter is turned on for a long time, you have more opportunity to introduce heat into your pool. The converse is also true. Thus if you intend to run your pump for many hours a day, you can get a smaller-sized solar collector.

2. How is your pool installed?

Some pools are installed above the ground. These pools lose heat at a much faster rate. Thus you’ll need large solar heaters to compensate for the heat loss.

3. How will you install your solar collectors?

There are different ways of installing your solar collectors. Often, aesthetics and efficiency do not coexist. Solar collectors mounted flushed to the ground do not get as much sunlight as those tilted towards the sun.

4. How much sunlight do you get?

This depends on your location. Shading also affects how much sunshine you receive at your pool and at your solar collector. You may want to clear some branches or find a sunny spot to place your solar collectors.

5. How much wind do you experience?

Wind removes heat from your swimming pool. For open ICS solar collectors, even heat collected at the solar heater is taken away. So if you experience strong wind at your area, these are what you can do:

-    Increase the solar collector size

-    Use a glazed solar collector

-    Plant bushes around your pool and solar collector to break up the wind flow

-    Increase the daily pump time through the pool solar heater

While installing your pool solar water heaters, you will want as much value out of it as possible. This can be achieved by improving its efficiency.

Here are some tips that you may find helpful:

1. Run the pool solar heater during the sunniest time of the day.

Running water through solar collectors drain energy. You may not need to heat up your pool throughout the day. Conserve energy by heating your pool during the sunniest time of the day. You can continue running it till the evening if you want to.

Keep experimenting… After a while, you’ll find the optimum period to run your solar heater.

2. Use a pool cover

Your solar heater can be 50% more effective when you use a pool cover to retain its heat. If you use a solar pool cover, it will also help introduce more heat into the pool.

3. Connect solar collectors in parallel

Connecting solar collectors in series increase the water resistance and makes your pool pump work harder. Connecting them in parallel cuts the resistance in half. This helps to save electricity.

Continue Reading:

1. Installing Solar Water Heaters
2. What Are Solar Heaters, How They Work And What They Are Used For
3. Heating Up Your Swimming Pool Using Solar Energy

A Heated Pool

There are 2 common methods to heat up your swimming pool using solar energy. You can use solar pool covers or you can use a solar water heater.

First let us look at what these are, then we’ll touch on the advantages and disadvantages of each system.

Solar pool covers are special pool covers that also absorb energy from the sun. They are dark colored and absorb heat better than other types of pool cover. Heat that is trapped in the material is passed to the water by conduction.

These products serve 2 purposes – to warm up your swimming pool and to prevent heat loss by evaporation.

Solar water heaters collect solar energy by using a solar collector. In order to warm your swimming pool water, you have to pump water through it.

The interior of a solar collector is black. This helps to absorb as much heat from the sun as possible. There is a layer of insulation lining the walls of the solar collector. There are also pipes that run through it, carrying cold water.

Inside a basic solar collector, heat is transferred directly to the water passing through it. Thus it also acts as a heat exchanger. Big solar water heaters use a separate heat exchanger in order to handle more capacity.

Pros and cons of using solar pool covers

Solar pool covers need neither installation nor maintenance. All you have to do is pull it out from its bag or roller and spread it across your swimming pool.

And as long as it covers most part of the pool, it’ll be able to do its job well. Some pools are kidney shaped, so you can simply float 1 or 2 rectangular (or square) shaped covers over its surface.

Solar pool covers, like ordinary covers, prevent water loss through evaporation. Thus it saves you the trouble of filling up your pool with water and chemical. And by keeping dirt and debris out, your cleaning time is also reduced.

Pool covers, however, can be dangerous. This is because if children (or even an adult) were to jump or fall into it, he can get wrapped in the cover. He may find it difficult to get out of the pool cover and might drown as a result.

Or if someone swims under the cover and tries to surface for air, he won’t be able to… until he reach the end of the pool.

As convenient as solar pool covers are, they eventually deteriorate and begin to fray. Fragments of plastic can get into the filter and choke it. It may even damage the filter medium.

Yet when you use caution and check the condition of your solar pool cover regularly, these events are unlikely to happen.

Pros and cons of using solar water heater

Solar water heaters for swimming pools take very little time to install. One hour is all it requires. It is also not a great hassle to fit solar water heaters to the pumps and controllers in the filtration system.

There are many different types of solar heaters, ranging from simple to complex. Therefore you can easily find one that fits your needs. They are also not expensive since they do not necessarily need to be glazed and workmanship does not affect its performance seriously.

Compared to solar pool covers, solar water heaters can heat up your pool better and there is more control. Thus you can enjoy warmer water (if that’s what you want) and you can always turn off its valve if it gets too warm for your liking.

Like solar pool covers, solar water heaters have their disadvantages.

With numerous constrictions within its design, your pool pump has to work harder to push water through solar water heaters. You’ll eventually end up with a higher energy bill.

Even with a solar heater, if you are not using your pool for some time, you still have to pull a cover over the water to prevent water and heat loss.

(A good addition to this is to plant bushes to divert or break up wind blowing over the pool.)

In order to help your pool pump run better, you have to choose a solar collector that does not have sharp bends in the piping. Also, ball valves are more efficient than gate valves. Therefore ask before buying.

If you haven’t bought your pool pump, you may also want to choose one that is smaller and has a higher efficiency. When using it, remember that you do not have to run it the whole day in order for it to clean effectively. Start with 8 hours, then increase or decrease the running time till you feel it’s filtering at its maximum efficiency.

Continue Reading:

1. Pool Solar Panels
2. What Are Solar Heaters, How They Work And What They Are Used For
3. 7 Different Ways of Using Solar Energy At Home and In Your Office